Turtles and tortoises (Testudines)

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Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizi)

Citation:

Reproduction of Gopherus agassizii in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona.

Author(s)
Averill-Murray, R.C.
Issue
2
Volume
4
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries Error
Time of Mating/ Laying 42941 Oviposition date Date Adult 7 Sugarloaf Mountain, AZ Exposure Factor Datasets USA 21 d
Citation:

Survival during early life stages of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the south-central Mojave Desert.

Author(s)
Bjurlin, C.D. and Bissonette, J.A.
Issue
4
Volume
38
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type California Counties Countries
Hatching Success 73.7 % normal neonate produced % Neonate 28 Marine Corps Air Ground Combat
Center, Twentynine Palms, CA 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino USA
Hatching Success 67 % normal neonate produced % Neonate 63 Marine Corps Air Ground Combat
Center, Twentynine Palms, CA 		Exposure Factor Datasets San Bernardino USA
Citation:

Nutritional quality of natural foods of juvenile and adult desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii): calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium digestibility.

Author(s)
Hazard, L.C., Shemanski, D.R. and Nagy, K.A.
Issue
1
Volume
44
Exposure Endpoint Type Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Units Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Age-Specific California Counties Countries Error
Growth Rate -0.045 Voluntary consumption of A. hymenoides grass % mass change/day NR Both Adults and Juveniles 10 University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5-1.5 y old Los Angeles USA 0.038
Growth Rate -0.043 Voluntary consumption of S. barbatus grass % mass change/day NR Both Adults and Juveniles 10 University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5-1.5 y old Los Angeles USA 0.025
Growth Rate 0.139 Voluntary consumption of M. glabrata forb % mass change/day NR Both Adults and Juveniles 10 University of California, Los Angeles Exposure Factor Datasets 0.5-1.5 y old Los Angeles USA 0.128

Pacific Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

Citation:
Chemical Endpoint Value Endpoint Description Sex Life Cycle Stage Sample Size Location Type Countries
COPPER (elemental) Review Blood concentration Canary Islands Toxicity Factor Datasets SPAIN
PCB Range: <1.6-48.9 ng/g Fat concentration Female 21 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ZINC (elemental) Tumor score 0: 0.66, score 1: 0.47, score 2: 0.64, score 3: 1.14 µg/g ww Blood concentration Female Juvenile Tumor score 0: 13, score 1: 4, score 2: 4, score 3: 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 26.63 ± 19.11 ng/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 10 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM (elemental) <0.008 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 12 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM (elemental) Review Eggshell concentration Not Reported Embryo 30 Hong Kong Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
NICKEL (elemental) 73.30 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.005-7.88 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDOSULFAN 0.005-7.54 ng/mL Plasma concentration of endosulfan II Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
MERCURY (elemental) <0.005-0.30 µg/g dw, <0.001-0.05 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Liver concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEPTACHLOR 18.6 ± 15.04 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
HEPTACHLOR 12.5 ± 11.29 ng/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
MERCURY (elemental) 0.003 ± 0.001 µg/g ww Albumen concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
NICKEL (elemental) Reference intervals for blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 49 Howick Group of Islands Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
ARSENIC (elemental) < LOD µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
IRON (elemental) 297.60 ± 43.16 µg/g ww Liver concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
COPPER (elemental) Review Liver concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets JAPAN
LEAD (elemental) Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) Review Blood concentration Canary Islands Toxicity Factor Datasets SPAIN
PCB Range: <1.6 ng/g Liver concentration Male 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
PCB 4.47 ± 0.56 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
COPPER (elemental) 0.59 ± 0.02 µg/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 12 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) 0.013 ± 0.0012 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 12 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Eggshell concentration Not Reported Embryo 30 Hong Kong Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
SILICON 0.01 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (2,4'-) Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
ENDOSULFAN 0.005-12.99 ng/mL Plasma concentration of endosulfan sulfate Both Male and Female Juvenile 12 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
SELENIUM (elemental) 41.54 µg/g dw, 6.84 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
ARSENIC (elemental) Review Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
DICOFOL 81.7 ± 325.38 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
DICOFOL 8.9 ± 20.26 ng/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
LEAD (elemental) 4.25 ± 0.56 µg/g ww Eggshell concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
CHROMIUM (elemental) Reference intervals for blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 49 Howick Group of Islands Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
CADMIUM (elemental) 4.24 ± 1.01 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
MERCURY (elemental) 0.04 ± 0.02 µg/g ww Liver concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
IRON (elemental) Review Kidney concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets JAPAN
LEAD (elemental) Kidney concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets JAPAN
DDE (4,4'-) 1.68 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB Range: <1.6 ng/g Kidney concentration Female 21 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 1.47 ± 0.48 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM (elemental) 0.17 ± 0.026 µg/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 12 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
MERCURY (elemental) 0.011 ± 0.003 µg/g ww Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 12 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) Review Eggshell concentration Not Reported Embryo 30 Hong Kong Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
SELENIUM (elemental) 1.81 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDD (2,4'-) 0.745459 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 21 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DIELDRIN Not detected Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
THALLIUM <10 µg/g dw, <0.001-<0.002 ww Plasma concentration Not Reported 9 Big Bend, Citrus County Toxicity Factor Datasets USA
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
MIREX Max: 19.6 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
MIREX 20.2 ± 87.08 ng/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
ZINC (elemental) 5.32 ± 1.05 µg/g ww Eggshell concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
BARIUM (elemental) Reference intervals for blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 49 Howick Group of Islands Toxicity Factor Datasets AUSTRALIA
CHROMIUM (elemental) 0.05 ± 0.05 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS 1.42 ± 0.40 µg/g ww Liver concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
IRON (elemental) Review Liver concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets JAPAN
LEAD (elemental) Liver concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets JAPAN
DDT (4,4'-) 1.80 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB Range: <1.6-17.4 ng/g Liver concentration Male 6 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 0.30 ± 0.05 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
CADMIUM (elemental) <0.003 µg/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 12 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
COPPER (elemental) Review Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 55 Peninsular Malaysia Toxicity Factor Datasets MALAYSIA
MERCURY (elemental) Review Eggshell concentration Not Reported Embryo 30 Hong Kong Toxicity Factor Datasets CHINA
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS 0.17 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 14 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDE (2,4'-) 0.005-0.32 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 20 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
CHLORDANE ?: not detected, ?: 0.313725 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile ?: 12, ?: 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS 0.31 ± 0.07 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 31 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
ARSENIC (elemental) Review Egg concentration Embryo See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 16.9 ± 13.21 ng/g ww ?HCH fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE 7.0 ± 6.28 ng/g ww ?HCH liver concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
COPPER (elemental) 6.85 ± 0.67 µg/g ww Eggshell concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS 0.56 ± 0.50 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
COPPER (elemental) 2.03 ± 1.64 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
NICKEL (elemental) 3.98 ± 3.13 µg/g ww Liver concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
MERCURY (elemental) Review Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets SPAIN
SELENIUM (elemental) Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets SPAIN
PCB 2.71 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported 6 Pelagic Pacific Toxicity Factor Datasets
PCB Range: <1.6-37.7 ng/g Kidney concentration Female 21 Sao Paulo Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
PBDE MIXTURE 0.014-0.040 ng/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 11 nests, 20 eggs Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
LEAD (elemental) 0.010 ± 0.0014 µg/g ww Egg yolk concentration Not Reported Embryo 12 Guadeloupe, French West Indies Toxicity Factor Datasets
SELENIUM (elemental) Review Egg concentration Not Reported Embryo 55 Peninsular Malaysia Toxicity Factor Datasets MALAYSIA
CADMIUM (elemental) 0.06 µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 42 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE ?: 0.16160, ?: 1.169761, ?: 0.773151, ?: 0.790514 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
DDT (4,4'-) 0.001-0.26 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 39 Punta Abreojos Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
HEPTACHLOR 2.731588 ng/mL Plasma concentration Both Male and Female Juvenile 13 Bahía Magdalena Toxicity Factor Datasets MEXICO
IRON (elemental) 11.7 ± 0.9 µg/g ww Egg concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 31 Pacific Coast Toxicity Factor Datasets PANAMA
CADMIUM (elemental) Review Egg concentration Embryo See citation Toxicity Factor Datasets
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 8.7 ± 13.54 ng/g ww Fat concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) 4.8 ± 8.36 ng/g ww Liver concentration Not Reported Juvenile 64 SE coast Toxicity Factor Datasets BRAZIL
CADMIUM (elemental) 0.40 ± 0.05 µg/g ww Eggshell concentration Both Male and Female Embryo 48 eggs, 12 nests Chabahar Beach Toxicity Factor Datasets IRAN
ARSENIC (elemental) < LOD µg/g ww Blood concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
IRON (elemental) 22.10 ± 2.59 µg/g ww Kidney concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
LEAD (elemental) 0.03 ± 0.02 µg/g ww Liver concentration Both Male and Female Both Adults and Juveniles 3 Samanda? & Dörtyol Toxicity Factor Datasets TURKEY
MERCURY (elemental) Review Blood concentration Not Reported Not Reported Toxicity Factor Datasets
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